The years of the pandemic, and then the years of the war, have dramatically changed the situation regarding sources of information for the public in Ukraine. The Internet is the most important and powerful provider of news. It is the core of the information space. The ability to receive information both orally (audio-visual reception) and in written (reading) format contributes to its distribution among a vast number of recipients.

Nowadays the evaluation and analysis of the events not only at the front line, but also in everyday life occupies the first place in the everyday life of an average Ukrainian. And the main problem is the assessment of both the source and the content of any electronic media information.

It is doubtless that any event or action gets a kind of evaluation in a person’s consciousness. During the process of text building (either oral or written) the author’s evaluation (positive or negative) of this or that event or phenomenon, in its turn, affects the formation of the author’s style to influence the recipient of the information.

Forming the recipient's desired evaluation (from the point of view of the author of the oral or written text) requires the use of certain strategies and tactics. And such, we can see the combination and the synthesis of the information recipient’s attitude to the subject of the message and the author’s intention to influence the recipient (Bednarek, 2009).

The evaluation category is still in the focus of scientific discussions, but most scholars agree that there are certain mandatory components of this linguistic category (both explicit and implicit), among which we distinguish the subject, object, evaluation element and rating scale. The subject of the evaluation of the oral or written text of an electronic source is considered to be the author, who by one or another means expresses or attributes an evaluation in it, which should determine the value of the object. In the realities of the war in Ukraine, such objects are public figures, events at the front, in the sphere of international relations. A certain evaluative relationship is always established between the subject and the object. From the point of view of linguistics, evaluation reflects "the resulting aspect of the process of establishing relations between the subject of evaluation and its subject" (Ostrovs`ka, 2001).

Evaluation is realized in the selection and classification of certain events, facts, their description from a certain angle and in the selection of appropriate linguistic means. The linguistic means chosen by the sender of the information can be attributed to either explicit or implicit ways of expressing the category of evaluation. Thus, the evaluation can be both implicit (lat. imlicitum – implied, hidden in the content) and explicit (lat. explicitum – obvious).

To counteract false statements, judgments, and evaluations in the Internet space, it is interesting to analyze hidden (implicit) evaluations. Ways of implicitly expressed evaluation can be found in media texts (oral and written) at any language level: morphological, syntactic, lexical, grammatical.

It is worth noting that among the various types of evaluations common in modern journalistic discourse, implicit evaluations are the most popular today. With their help, phenomena and events that are presented in author's programs, blogs, and news releases receive an evaluative value that is hidden in statements and therefore unobtrusively shape public opinion (Ghavamniaa, Dastjerdi, 2013). Thus, in the discourse of electronic mass media, the evaluation category realizes two main pragmatic functions: an informative function and an influencing function, the latter being a component in the structure of a manipulative strategy.

References

1. Bednarek, M. (2009). Dimensions of evaluation: Cognitive and linguistic perspectives. Pragmatics  & Cognition, 17, 146-175. https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.05bed
2. Ghavamniaa, M., Dastjerdi, H.V. (2013). Evaluation in media discourse: Contrasts among journalists in reporting an event. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 447-457. https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/277811/1-s2.0-S1877042813X00023/1-s2.0-S1877042813000839/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCX
3. Ostrovs`ka, O. M. (2001). Lingvosty`listy`chni zasoby` realizaciyi kategoriyi ocinky` (na materiali amery`kans`koyi xudozhn`oyi prozy`) [In Ukrainian. Avtoreferat dy`s. kand. fil. Nauk]. L`viv.